After reading some few pages of Kohli and Kettinger's (2004) article, I decided to delve into the observational methods in the Robson part III to improve my understanding of the article.
Observational Methods. These methods could be classified as formal and informal observation based on the degree of pre-structure in the observation exercise. Formal observation imposes a lot of structure and direction regarding what can be observed while informal observation does not. Here are some key points about using observational method in action research.
Collecting data. A participant observer observes the people in the research focused group while being involved. Data are recorded on the spot during the event using methods similar to that of interview like voice recording. The observer might include the following data: running descriptions, notes of recalls of forgotten materials, notes offerings on the interpretation of the situation, personal impressions and feelings, and reminders to look for additional information.
Before the data can be analyzed in a meaningful way, it must be coded using schemes. Common schemes include checklist and category systems. It is advised that researchers should use an existing coding scheme when available. But if a new coding scheme is required, it should have the following properties: (1) focus on selected aspect of the inquiry, (2) be objective, (3) non context-dependent, (4) exhaustive, (5) mutually exclusive, and (6) easy to record.