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7 References

is347 | page | May 7, 2008 - 12:23am

REFERENCES

  1. V.R. Benjamins, J. Contreras, O. Corcho, A. Gomez-Perez, Six Challenges for the Semantic Web. In Proceedings of the 2002 International Semantic Web Conference 2002.
  2. T. Berners-Lee, J. Hendler, and O. Lassila, "The Semantic Web," Scientific Am., May 2001.
  3. L. Ding, L. Zhou, T. Finin, A. Joshi, How the Semantic Web is Being Used: An Analysis of FOAF Documents. Proceedings of the 38th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. 03-06 Jan. 2005 Page(s):113c - 113c.
  4. O. Lassila, J. Hendler, "Embracing "Web 3.0"," IEEE Internet Computing, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 90-93, May/Jun, 2007.
  5. R. MacManus, Eric Schmidt Defines Web 3.0, ReadWriteWeb, August 7, 2007. Retrieved from http://www.readwriteweb.com/archives/eric_schmidt_defines_web_30.php on April 22nd 2008.
  6. N. Spivack, The Third-Generation Web is Coming, KurzweilAI.net, December 17, 2006. Retrieved from http://www.kurzweilai.net/meme/frame.html?main=/articles/art0689.html?m%3D3 on April 22nd, 2008.
  7. A Toffler (1970). Future Shock, Bantam Books, 1970.
  8. Wikipedia (2008) Internet Map. Retrieved from http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Internet_map_1024.jpg on April 22nd, 2008.
  9. W3C (2008) Semantic Web Activity. Retrieved from http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/ on April 28th, 2008.
  10. W3C (2008) Semantic Web Road Map. Retrieved from http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/Semantic.html on April 28th, 2008.
  11. Wikipedia (2008) Semantic Web. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic_Web on April 28th, 2008.
  12. W3C (2008) Resource Description Framework (RDF). Retrieved from http://www.w3.org/RDF on April 30th, 2008.
  13. W3 schools (2008).  Retrieved from http://www.w3schools.com/rdf on April 26th 2008.
  14. P. Champin, RDF Tutorial, April 04, 2005. Retrieved from http://www710.univ-lyon1.fr/~champin/rdf-tutorial/ on April 30th, 2008.
  15. E. Miller, An Introduction to the Resource Description Framework, D-Lib Magazin, May 1998. Retrieved from http://www.dlib.org/dlib/may98/miller/05miller.html on April 29th, 2008.
  16. Wikipedia (2008) Resource Description Framework. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resource_Description_Framework on April 28th, 2008.
  17. Wikipedia (2008) Web Ontology Language. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_Ontology_Language on April 28th, 2008.
  18. The RDF.net Challenge, May 21, 2005. Retrieved from http://www.tbray.org/ongoing/When/200x/2003/05/21/RDFNet on April 27th, 2008.
  19. W3C (2008) RDF/XML Syntax Specification (Revised). Retrieved from http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-syntax-grammar/#example7 on April 29th, 2008.
  20. Wikipedia (2008) Ramanathan V. Guha. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramanathan_V._Guha on April 28th, 2008.
  21. W3C (2008) OWL Web Ontology Language. Retrieved from http://www.w3.org/TR/owl-features/ on April 30th, 2008.
  22. G. Schreiber, The making of a Web Ontology Language a chair's perspective, March 12, 2004. Retrieved from http://www.cs.vu.nl/~guus/public/2004-webont-zeist/all.htm on April 31st, 2008.
  23. P. Krill, OWL files as Web ontology Language, August 19, 2003. Retrieved from http://www.infoworld.com/article/03/08/19/HNowl_1.html on May 1st, 2008.

 


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4 Sample Syntax

is347 | page | May 7, 2008 - 12:05am


 Complete RDF/XML description of Figure 1 graph: 
 
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
         xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
         xmlns:ex="http://example.org/stuff/1.0/">
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-syntax-grammar"
		   dc:title="RDF/XML Syntax Specification (Revised)">
    <ex:editor>
      <rdf:Description ex:fullName="Dave Beckett">
	<ex:homePage rdf:resource="http://purl.org/net/dajobe/" />
      </rdf:Description>
    </ex:editor>
  </rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>
 
Image and sample syntax (W3C RDF/XML (2008). 



 


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2 Background

is347 | page | May 7, 2008 - 12:01am

Background

A brief history about RDF and how it came about in the mid 1990’s. Ramanathan V. Guha a computer scientist for Apple Computers developed the Meta Content Framework (MCF) format. MCF was a specification of a format for structuring metadata about websites and other data (Wikipedia 2008 and The RDF.net Challenge 2003). When Apple Computers discontinued the research project he went to Netscape. That is where he first adapted MCF to use XML. It joined MCF to XML and created the first version of RDF (Wikipedia 2008 and The RDF.net Challenge 2003).

Other Key factors that contributed the RDF:

  1. Ideas from the Dublin Core community
  2. Platform for Internet Content Selection (PICS) the W3C's early Web content labeling system
Key factors listed (Wikipedia 2008 and E. Miller 1998).

[More]

7 References

is347 | page | May 6, 2008 - 11:17pm

REFERENCES

  1. V.R. Benjamins, J. Contreras, O. Corcho, A. Gomez-Perez, Six Challenges for the Semantic Web. In Proceedings of the 2002 International Semantic Web Conference 2002.
  2. T. Berners-Lee, J. Hendler, and O. Lassila, "The Semantic Web," Scientific Am., May 2001.
  3. L. Ding, L. Zhou, T. Finin, A. Joshi, How the Semantic Web is Being Used: An Analysis of FOAF Documents. Proceedings of the 38th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. 03-06 Jan. 2005 Page(s):113c - 113c.
  4. O. Lassila, J. Hendler, "Embracing "Web 3.0"," IEEE Internet Computing, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 90-93, May/Jun, 2007.
  5. R. MacManus, Eric Schmidt Defines Web 3.0, ReadWriteWeb, August 7, 2007. Retrieved from http://www.readwriteweb.com/archives/eric_schmidt_defines_web_30.php on April 22nd 2008.
  6. N. Spivack, The Third-Generation Web is Coming, KurzweilAI.net, December 17, 2006. Retrieved from http://www.kurzweilai.net/meme/frame.html?main=/articles/art0689.html?m%3D3 on April 22nd, 2008.
  7. A Toffler (1970). Future Shock, Bantam Books, 1970.
  8. Wikipedia (2008) Internet Map. Retrieved from http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Internet_map_1024.jpg on April 22nd, 2008.
  9. W3C (2008) Semantic Web Activity. Retrieved from http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/ on April 28th, 2008.
  10. W3C (2008) Semantic Web Road Map. Retrieved from http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/Semantic.html on April 28th, 2008.
  11. Wikipedia (2008) Semantic Web. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic_Web on April 28th, 2008.
  12. W3C (2008) Resource Description Framework (RDF). Retrieved from http://www.w3.org/RDF on April 30th, 2008.
  13. P. Champin, RDF Tutorial, April 04, 2005. Retrieved from http://www710.univ-lyon1.fr/~champin/rdf-tutorial/ on April 30th, 2008.
  14. E. Miller, An Introduction to the Resource Description Framework, D-Lib Magazin, May 1998. Retrieved from http://www.dlib.org/dlib/may98/miller/05miller.html on May 1, 2008.
  15. Wikipedia (2008) Resource Description Framework. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resource_Description_Framework on April 28th, 2008.
  16. Wikipedia (2008) Web Ontology Language. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_Ontology_Language on April 30th, 2008.
  17. The RDF.net Challenge, May 21, 2005. Retrieved from http://www.tbray.org/ongoing/When/200x/2003/05/21/RDFNet on May 2, 2008.
  18. W3C (2008) RDF/XML Syntax Specification (Revised). Retrieved from http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-syntax-grammar/#example7 on April 30th, 2008.
  19. Wikipedia (2008) Ramanathan V. Guha. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramanathan_V._Guha on April 28th, 2008.
  20. W3C (2008) OWL Web Ontology Language. Retrieved from http://www.w3.org/TR/owl-features/ on April 30th, 2008.
  21. G. Schreiber, The making of a Web Ontology Language a chair's perspective, March 12, 2004. Retrieved from http://www.cs.vu.nl/~guus/public/2004-webont-zeist/all.htm on April 31st, 2008.
  22. P. Krill, OWL files as Web ontology Language, August 19, 2003. Retrieved from http://www.infoworld.com/article/03/08/19/HNowl_1.html on May 1st, 2008.

 


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2 Semantic Web

is347 | page | May 6, 2008 - 8:21pm

 

The concept of the semantic web came about from the director of W3C which is the current authority on web standards. The semantic web is a broad term that includes design principles, organizations, and several enabling technologies. The goals of the semantic web are still being defined within the collaborating organizations. Much of the drive within the semantic web is open source and highly collaborative in nature. There are also a few organizations (mostly in the early stages) of developing or refining products toward this goal.

The primary goal of the semantic web is: "to take human readable pages and extract and organize the data into a more machine-readbale format."

Data takes many forms on the web. The majority of content is focused on human readable formats such as e-mail messages, documents, and websites. Other types of data that we might access online or offline requires a third party application for interpretation such as calendar items and spreadsheets.

Currently, the World Wide Web is based mainly on documents written in Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), "a markup convention that is used for coding a body of text interspersed with multimedia objects such as images and interactive forms."

HTML allows in its convention, a method for cateogrizing the data it contains. Metadata tags provide this functionality but rely on the developer to populate them.

The semantic web takes the concept further; it involves publishing the data itself in a specific language. The current choice, Resource Description Framework (RDF), specifically for data. It is organized in a format that is both readable and easily machine parsed for full organization and classification.

HTML describes documents and the links between them. The goals of the semantic web are to describe arbitrary classes of things such as people, meetings, or inventory.

The semantic web is composed of what is known as descriptive technologies Resource Description Framework (RDF) and Web Ontology Language (OWL), and the data-centric, customizable Extensible Markup Language (XML). These technologies are combined in order to provide descriptions that supplement or replace the content of Web documents.

This described content can then be stored in databases or in separate documents as XML. The parseable descriptions enable content managers to add meaning to the content.

 

We will focus on the most dominate metadata technologies:

Resource Description Framework (RDF)

Data interchange formats (e.g. Turtle, Notation 3, N-Tripes)

Web Ontology Language (OWL)


[More]

7 References

is347 | page | May 6, 2008 - 8:10pm

REFERENCES

  1. V.R. Benjamins, J. Contreras, O. Corcho, A. Gomez-Perez, Six Challenges for the Semantic Web. In Proceedings of the 2002 International Semantic Web Conference 2002.
  2. T. Berners-Lee, J. Hendler, and O. Lassila, "The Semantic Web," Scientific Am., May 2001.
  3. L. Ding, L. Zhou, T. Finin, A. Joshi, How the Semantic Web is Being Used: An Analysis of FOAF Documents. Proceedings of the 38th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. 03-06 Jan. 2005 Page(s):113c - 113c.
  4. O. Lassila, J. Hendler, "Embracing "Web 3.0"," IEEE Internet Computing, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 90-93, May/Jun, 2007.
  5. R. MacManus, Eric Schmidt Defines Web 3.0, ReadWriteWeb, August 7, 2007. Retrieved from http://www.readwriteweb.com/archives/eric_schmidt_defines_web_30.php on April 22nd 2008.
  6. N. Spivack, The Third-Generation Web is Coming, KurzweilAI.net, December 17, 2006. Retrieved from http://www.kurzweilai.net/meme/frame.html?main=/articles/art0689.html?m%3D3 on April 22nd, 2008.
  7. A Toffler (1970). Future Shock, Bantam Books, 1970.
  8. Wikipedia (2008) Internet Map. Retrieved from http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Internet_map_1024.jpg on April 22nd, 2008.
  9. W3C (2008) Semantic Web Activity. Retrieved from http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/ on April 28th, 2008.
  10. W3C (2008) Semantic Web Road Map. Retrieved from http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/Semantic.html on April 28th, 2008.
  11. Wikipedia (2008) Semantic Web. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic_Web on April 28th, 2008.
  12. W3C (2008) Resource Description Framework (RDF). Retrieved from http://www.w3.org/RDF on April 30th, 2008.
  13. P. Champin, RDF Tutorial, April 04, 20055. Retrieved from http://www710.univ-lyon1.fr/~champin/rdf-tutorial/ on April 30th, 2008.
  14. E. Miller, An Introduction to the Resource Description Framework, D-Lib Magazin, May 1998. Retrieved from http://www.dlib.org/dlib/may98/miller/05miller.html on May1, 2008.
  15. Wikipedia (2008) Resource Description Framework.  Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resource_Description_Framework on April 28th, 2008.
  16. Wikipedia (2008) Web Ontology Language.  Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_Ontology_Language on April 30th, 2008.
  17. The RDF.net Challenge.  Retrieved from http://www.tbray.org/ongoing/When/200x/2003/05/21/RDFNet on May 2, 2008.
  18. W3C (2008) RDF/XML Syntax Specification (Revised).  Retrieved from http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-syntax-grammar/#example7 on April 30th, 2008.
  19. Wikipedia (2008) Ramanathan V. Guha.  Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramanathan_V._Guha on April 28th, 2008.
  20. W3C (2008) OWL Web Ontology Language.  Retrieved from http://www.w3.org/TR/owl-features/ on April 30th, 2008.
  21. G. Schreiber, The making of a Web Ontology Language a chair's perspective, March 12, 2004.  Retrieved from http://www.cs.vu.nl/~guus/public/2004-webont-zeist/all.htm on April 31st, 2008.
  22. P. Krill, OWL files as Web ontology Language, August 19, 2003.  Retrieved from http://www.infoworld.com/article/03/08/19/HNowl_1.html on May 1st, 2008.

 


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6 Conclusions

is347 | page | May 6, 2008 - 7:49pm

 

As it stands today, there are two primary approaches to categorizing content for the Web 3.0 objectives. The first is the "bottom up" approach, which involves embedding semantical annotations (meta-data) right into the data. The second is "top down" and relies on analyzing existing information across the Internet and considers using natural language processing to understand and interpret information.

However, what will likely emerge, and what is currently emerging, are more hybrid models that integrate both the bottom up approach where new information, including Web 2.0 content of the future, begins to take the underlying structure of the technologies we have discussed, which existing data across the Internet, and that data that remains resistent to these new technologies will rely on more sophisticated NLP programming for compiling and data mining.


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5 Research Proposal

is347 | page | May 6, 2008 - 7:24pm
Research Methodology

In this research we focus on the underlying technologies that are fostering Web 3.0. In order to understand how these technologies will integrate with existing Web 2.0 technologies and what possibilities they will offer different industries including education, business, government and health. Understanding how these technologies are quickly fusing with existing knowledge sets and what applications are available will foster the greater adoption of Web 3.0 applications bridging the enormous gap between available knowledge and mining these tremendous information sets.

In this research we focus on the semantic and media-centric aspects of Web 3.0. Our end goals of our research will be to discuss and evaluate the existing technologies as well as the technologies under development to change the semantics and annotation of the web.

Finally, we will look at how these changes will bring about new media and how the web's organization and search ability will be improved and modified. Evaluating the potential ontologies and tools to implement these technologies in the Semantic web 3.0. Compare and contrast the ontologies in development and the methods used to implement them. What are their benefits and disadvantages. We will examine the current trends in 3.0 and identify the major academic and commercial contributions to date.


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Group JVDB

is347 | page | May 6, 2008 - 7:21pm

Topic (s)

Group Members

Abstract

Web 3.0 (a.k.a. the semantic web) has been described as having four components or goals: semantic, 3D-based, media-centric, and pervasive.

The Semantic web describes an environment in which "machine-readable" metadata is incorporated into existing web pages to allow for more complex queries and a higher level of complexity in terms of searching. Standards including RDF and OWL are in place currently and many other semantic metatools are under development. These tools require a complete re-annotation of existing web content.

In addition to a complete re-annotation, Web 3.0 is developing tools that use existing content (parsed and machine-learned) to automate the creation of tags to describe a website or database’s content.

In terms of searches, Web 3.0 is focused on improving the keyword search model and striving towards natural language queries and content being presented in a more visual and more 3D environment. It also extends away from the ideas of words and focuses on being able to use media directly for queries (images, video, etc).

Our project will provide a summary of what Web 3.0 includes and is attempting to accomplish. We will focus on the semantic and media-centric aspects of Web 3.0. We will discuss and evaluate the existing technologies as well as the technologies under development to change the semantics and annotation of the web. Finally, we will look at how these changes will bring about new media and how the web's organization and search ability will be improved and modified.

Focus:

Evaluating the potential ontologies and tools to implement these technologies in the Semantic web 3.0. Compare and contrast the ontologies in development and the methods used to implement them. What are their benefits and disadvantages. We will examine the current trends in 3.0 and identify the major academic and commercial contributions to date.


[More]

7 References

is347 | page | May 6, 2008 - 7:00pm

REFERENCES

  1. V.R. Benjamins, J. Contreras, O. Corcho, A. Gomez-Perez, Six Challenges for the Semantic Web. In Proceedings of the 2002 International Semantic Web Conference 2002.
  2. T. Berners-Lee, J. Hendler, and O. Lassila, "The Semantic Web," Scientific Am., May 2001.
  3. L. Ding, L. Zhou, T. Finin, A. Joshi, How the Semantic Web is Being Used: An Analysis of FOAF Documents. Proceedings of the 38th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. 03-06 Jan. 2005 Page(s):113c - 113c.
  4. O. Lassila, J. Hendler, "Embracing "Web 3.0"," IEEE Internet Computing, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 90-93, May/Jun, 2007.
  5. R. MacManus, Eric Schmidt Defines Web 3.0, ReadWriteWeb, August 7, 2007. Retrieved from http://www.readwriteweb.com/archives/eric_schmidt_defines_web_30.php on April 22nd 2008.
  6. N. Spivack, The Third-Generation Web is Coming, KurzweilAI.net, December 17, 2006. Retrieved from http://www.kurzweilai.net/meme/frame.html?main=/articles/art0689.html?m%3D3 on April 22nd, 2008.
  7. A Toffler (1970). Future Shock, Bantam Books, 1970.
  8. Wikipedia (2008) Internet Map. Retrieved from http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Internet_map_1024.jpg on April 22nd, 2008.
  9. W3C (2008) Semantic Web Activity. Retrieved from http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/ on April 28th, 2008.
  10. W3C (2008) Semantic Web Road Map. Retrieved from http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/Semantic.html on April 28th, 2008.
  11. Wikipedia (2008) Semantic Web. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic_Web on April 28th, 2008.

 


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